การบำบัดอาการพูดเลียนเสียงของผู้อื่นด้วยวิธีการชี้แนะ-หยุด-ชี้ ในเด็กออทิสติก
คำสำคัญ:
ออทิสติก, อาการพูดเลียนเสียงของผู้อื่น, การชี้แนะ-หยุด-ชี้บทคัดย่อ
ออทิสติกเป็นความผิดปกติของพัฒนาการที่มีลักษณะหลัก คือ บกพร่องในการสื่อสารทางสังคมและการมีปฏิสัมพันธ์ทางสังคม รวมทั้งมีพฤติกรรม กิจกรรม และความสนใจ เป็นแบบแผนซ้ำ ๆ จำกัดเฉพาะบางเรื่อง และไม่ยืดหยุ่น โดยความผิดปกตินี้เกิดขึ้นตั้งแต่ช่วงวัยเด็ก อาการหลักของออทิสติกมักเกี่ยวข้องกับความล่าช้าทางด้านความเข้าใจภาษาและการแสดงออกทางภาษา รวมทั้งด้านการสื่อสาร บุคคลออทิสติกประมาณ 75% มีอาการพูดเลียนเสียงของผู้อื่น ปัจจุบันยังไม่ทราบสาเหตุที่แท้จริงของการเกิดอาการพูดเลียนเสียงของผู้อื่น อย่างไรก็ตามได้มีการตั้งสมมติฐานเกี่ยวกับความผิดปกติของการควบคุมสารโดปามีนในสมองกลีบหน้า ซึ่งเป็นกลไกทางระบบประสาทที่นำไปสู่อาการพูดเลียนเสียงของผู้อื่น การรักษาด้วยวิธีการชี้แนะ-หยุด-ชี้ ในเด็กออทิสติกเป็นการฝึกปรับพฤติกรรม เพื่อบำบัดอาการพูดเลียนเสียงของผู้อื่น มีงานวิจัยสนับสนุนประสิทธิผลของวิธีดังกล่าวนี้ว่าสามารถลดอาการพูดเลียนเสียงของผู้อื่นแบบทันที ซึ่งนักแก้ไขการพูดมีบทบาทสำคัญในการบำบัดอาการพูดเลียนเสียงของผู้อื่นในเด็กออทิสติก
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