The Impact of PM2.5 on the Respiratory System of Urban Populations

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the effects of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on the respiratory health of urban populations. A mixed-methods approach was used, incorporating quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews with health and environmental experts. A total of 150 participants were selected from urban areas with high PM2.5 concentrations. The findings revealed that the average PM2.5 level in the study area was 48.5 µg/m³, exceeding the WHO air quality standards. Among the participants, 61.3% reported coughing and throat irritation, 50.0% experienced breathing difficulties, and 20.0% had asthma exacerbations. A logistic regression analysis indicated that for every 10 µg/m³ increase in PM2.5, the risk of respiratory symptoms increased by 1.5 times. However, 85% of those who consistently used N95 masks reported significant symptom reduction. These findings highlight the urgent need for effective preventive measures and stricter air pollution control policies in urban areas to mitigate the health risks associated with PM2.5 exposure.