Factors Influencing the Political Decision Making of the Thai Government in the Thai and Cambodian Border War: An Analysis Through Leadership Principles and Ethics

Abstract

This academic article aims to analyze the factors influencing the political decision-making of the Thai government in the case of the Thai-Cambodian border conflict through the framework of Buddhist principles and leadership ethics. The findings demonstrate that political decisions in conflict situations do not depend solely on strategic factors or international law, but also reflect personal ethics, values, and governance principles upheld by leaders. Particularly in the case of the Preah Vihear Temple dispute, although the International Court of Justice (ICJ) ruled in favor of Cambodia in 1962, the issue of the surrounding border demarcation remains contentious. Resolution should therefore rely on physical evidence alongside humanitarian principles and diplomacy. The application of Buddhist principles, such as the Four Brahmaviharas and Saraniya Dhamma, can guide decision-making to consider the balance between state interests, security, and human dignity. This illustrates that leadership ethics play a crucial role in shaping security policy direction and its impact on ordinary citizens. Decisions grounded in Buddhist principles and responsibility can lead to constructive and sustainable conflict resolution.