The Urbanization of Pratunam Area in 1905-2007

Abstract

This research paper aims to study the urbanization of Pratunam, one of the major commercial business districts in Bangkok, from 1905 to 2007 through historical methods. The objectives of this research are 1) studying the changes in physical spaces in Pratunam 2) studying the factors of urbanization in Pratunam. The research found that the urbanization of Pratunam area can be divided into 3 major periods: 1) the period between 1905 - 1957, which was the birth period of the Pratunam area; the excavation of the Saen Saeb Canal during the reign of King Rama III resulted in agricultural land, grabbing on both sides of the canal. During the reign of King Rama V, a floodgate called "Pratunam Wang Sa Pathum" was built in Thung Bang Kapi for cultivation and transportation, turning the area into a community area. The area was located a floating market, palaces and official residents. When Ratchaprarob Road was cut, and Phetchaburi Road was intersected, the Pratunam area was urbanized. Chalermlok Market was made in Phetchaburi Road. 2) Between 1957 and 1997, during the era of industrial capitalism, Pratunam became one of the major business districts in Bangkok due to the construction of New Phetchaburi Road in 1963. Chalermlok Market was demolished. In addition, a group of investors came to develop the Pratunam area, turning it into an entertainment venue. modern nightclubs and shopping centers. 3) During the year 1997-2007, many businesses in Pratunam, such as cinemas and malls, were stagnated and were shut down due to the economic crisis of 1997.