Before the Rise of the Far-Right Parties in Europe, 1945 - 2014

Abstract

This article examines the changes and developments of Far-right parties in the European Union (Italy, Germany, and France) after World War II from 1945 to 2014, with the aim to point out the dynamics and role of Far-right parties before as being part of the mainstream of European politics. In other words, it was the re-emergence of the Far-right parties in Europe. Amid the decline of the liberal world order with neoliberal values, led by the liberal alliance such as the United States and the European Union (Trans-Atlantic), And the controversy between the liberal alliances, who is the rule of the world order at present and the illiberal great powers led by Russia, those who wish to compete for led the new world order against the Establishment.  As this context has led to the European Union Disintegration. That makes far-right parties in the European Union are important as the Russian pawns to challenge the European Union leading in Europe. The study found that there are two levels of dynamic changes in Far-right movements: 1) Strategic change and 2) The prevalence of Metapoliticalization of Far-right ideas. Furthermore, the dynamics of the Far-right Ideas that had spread from Europe to Russia are returning to influence and had a role as external factor that strengthens far-right parties in the European Union.