The Challenges of Populism to Liberal Democracy
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Abstract
This article analyzes the challenges posed by populism to liberal democracy in both global and Thai contexts. It examines the definition, key characteristics, and causes of populism's growth, as well as its impact on democratic principles. The analysis reveals that populism stems from multiple factors, including economic inequality, the effects of globalization, and dissatisfaction with traditional political institutions. In Thailand's case, populism is closely linked to Thaksin-style politics, populist policies, and severe political polarization. The article proposes approaches to address these challenges, both at the international level and specifically for Thailand, including promoting democratic education, economic reforms to reduce inequality, strengthening democratic institutions, and building social consensus. The conclusion suggests that confronting the challenges of populism may present an opportunity to review and improve the liberal democratic system to better respond to the needs of the people. Addressing these challenges requires cooperation from all sectors of society and continuous long-term development of democracy.
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