A Conceptual Framework for Innovating Student Pilot Training at Thai Airways International PCL Using Virtual Reality (VR) Technology

Abstract

Flight training for student pilots is inherently high-risk, demanding a strong sense of responsibility, solid theoretical knowledge, and rigorous practical training. The extended nature of this process imposes considerable psychological pressure on trainees.

This study pursues three concrete objectives: (1) to analyze factors contributing to student pilot stress and Washout Anxiety—particularly during the critical transition from ground school to Full Flight Simulator (FFS) training; (2) to design and develop an innovative VR-based training framework supporting Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) mastery and Cockpit Familiarization; and (3) to assess the feasibility of VR integration and formulate strategic recommendations for Thai Airways International PCL.

A qualitative research methodology was employed, utilizing semi-structured in-depth interviews with eight Thai Airways flight instructors and pilots. Findings aligned with the three objectives are as follows. First, the primary drivers of Washout Anxiety were identified as Cognitive Overload resulting from the abrupt theory-to-simulator transition, excessive and diverse training content, limited training hours, and the pressure of high-stakes evaluations. Second, a "Pre-Simulator VR Integration" framework was developed comprising three core modules: a Cockpit Familiarization Module to build procedural muscle memory; a SOPs Mastery Module enabling repeated practice within a Safe-to-Fail Space prior to formal assessment; and a Stress Management Module to build emotional resilience against evaluation anxiety. Third, both expert groups agreed that VR holds significant practical potential for early-stage training; however, it cannot replace the simulator for core competency assessment, and its implementation requires formal certification by relevant authorities, including the Civil Aviation Authority of Thailand (CAAT).

This innovation represents a strategic imperative for Thai Airways—preserving human capital, enhancing pilot competency, and strengthening competitive advantage in the digital aviation era.