KBU Journal of Aviation Management:KBUJAM

Social Acceptance and Policy Framework for Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF): A Thematic Review

2026-06-09T10:39:05+07:00

The aviation industry accounts for 2.8% of global greenhouse gas emissions. Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) has emerged as the most viable short-to-medium-term solution to achieve the Net Zero 2050 target. Although SAF can technically reduce carbon emissions by up to 80%, its global deployment is hindered by fragmented regional regulations. The European Union enforces strict SAF blending mandates, whereas the United States relies on tax incentives and voluntary opt-in schemes. In Asia, policy approaches vary, with Singapore pioneering concrete mandates and Thailand establishing a roadmap under its Alternative Energy Development Plan (AEDP) to offer fiscal incentives and tax exemptions for investors. However, scaling up SAF faces significant economic and structural barriers, including high production costs that are 2 to 4 times more expensive than conventional jet A-1 fuel, limited biomass feedstock supplies, and policy conflicts regarding land use and deforestation risks. Furthermore, while airline passengers and aviation experts recognize the environmental benefits, public awareness remains low, and there is a pronounced unwillingness to pay higher airfares. To achieve the carbon-neutral goal, an integrated approach that balances technological innovation, policy incentives, and global multi-stakeholder collaboration is urgently required.

From On-Time Performance (OTP) to Service Excellence: An Integrated Strategic Study for Airline Operational Excellence in the Digital Aviation Era

2026-06-29T15:16:15+07:00

The aviation industry is experiencing an unprecedented transformation driven by digital innovation, increasing passenger expectations, operational complexity, and sustainability imperatives. While on-time performance (OTP) has traditionally been regarded as a key operational indicator, its strategic contribution to service excellence and competitive advantage remains insufficiently explored. This paper aims to study an integrated strategic framework explaining how improvements in airline operational excellence, supported by digital transformation and collaborative decision-making, enhance OTP and ultimately improve service excellence across the airline industry for the future research.

Implementation of DG AUTO CHECK System for Dangerous Goods Acceptance at Thai Airways International Cargo Warehouse

2026-05-26T16:33:40+07:00

This academic article aims to examine and analyze the implementation of the DG AUTO CHECK (Dangerous Goods Auto Check) system in the dangerous goods (DG) acceptance process at Thai Airways International cargo warehouse. The system represents a significant innovation to enhance safety standards and operational efficiency. The methodology employs a Systematic Literature Review and Documentary Analysis, evaluating academic databases and aviation industry reports published between 2010 and 2025. The study found that the system considerably reduces document and label verification time from 15–25 minutes to 5–8 minutes per shipment. It also minimizes human error in dangerous goods inspection from 3.2% to 0.4%, aligning with the International Air Transport Association Dangerous Goods Regulations (IATA DGR) and International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) standards, thereby increasing customer and logistics service provider confidence. Results indicate that applying digital technology to DG acceptance processes is highly effective and should be expanded to other airline cargo facilities.

Fatigue Factors among Thai Airways Cabin Crew: A Proactive Management Approach under the Thailand Civil Aviation Regulation (TCAR)

2026-05-06T11:58:17+07:00

Proactive Safety Management Innovation: Analyzing Fatigue Factors among Thai Airways Cabin Crew in Compliance with the Thailand Civil Aviation Regulation (TCAR)

This study investigates the factors contributing to fatigue among flight attendants of Thai Airways International Public Company Limited, with a focus on compliance with the Civil Aviation Authority of Thailand (CAAT) regulations on Flight and Duty Time Limitations (FTL). A qualitative research approach was employed, utilizing semi-structured interviews with executives, aviation experts, and flight attendants.

The findings indicate that prolonged Flight Duty Periods significantly contribute to fatigue by disrupting circadian rhythms, particularly when duties coincide with the Window of Circadian Low. Moreover, the working environment and rapid turnarounds exacerbate fatigue by reducing sleep quality, even when duty hours are within legal limits. These results highlight the importance of implementing a Fatigue Risk Management System (FRMS), representing a transition from reactive regulatory compliance to proactive, science-based fatigue management.

Integrating FRMS with the promotion of a Just Culture enhances aviation safety and supports sustainable well-being among aviation personnel, aligning with international standards in modern aviation operations.

Keywords: Safety Management Innovation, Fatigue, Thailand Civil Aviation Regulation: TCAR, Flight Time Limitations: FTL, Fatigue Risk Management System: FRMS

*Corresponding Author: Email: nuchareeya37379@gmail.com

Developing the concept of extra fuel planning as a solution to overcome the fuel cost crisis for low-cost airlines (LCCs) in Thailand.

2026-05-22T14:20:26+07:00

Volatility in global fuel prices has directly impacted the cost structure of the aviation industry, particularly low-cost carriers (LCCs) in Thailand, where fuel expenses account for approximately 30–40% of total operating costs. Ongoing geopolitical conflicts in the Middle East have significantly intensified these impacts on both global and Thai aviation sectors. According to the IATA Jet Fuel Price Monitor, fuel prices have surged by more than 100%, especially in the Asia & Oceania region, due to its high dependence on energy imports and its vulnerability to price fluctuations.

This study aims to propose and develop an effective concept of Extra Fuel Planning as a strategic approach to manage fuel price uncertainty and reduce hidden operational costs affecting airline profitability. Fuel planning is emphasized as a key cost management tool for LCCs, focusing on factors contributing to excess fuel consumption (fuel burn), including both internal and external variables. Efficient extra fuel planning enhances safety by ensuring adequate reserves for emergencies and operational uncertainties. Importantly, carrying extra fuel does not imply overloading, but requires careful optimization to balance safety, cost reduction, and profit maximization through fuel price differentials. Additionally, it helps mitigate the risk of flight diversions to alternate airports, thereby reducing indirect costs and supporting the maintenance of excellent service standards in an increasingly competitive airline industry.

A Conceptual Framework for Innovating Student Pilot Training at Thai Airways International PCL Using Virtual Reality (VR) Technology

2026-05-23T12:28:03+07:00

Flight training for student pilots is inherently high-risk, demanding a strong sense of responsibility, solid theoretical knowledge, and rigorous practical training. The extended nature of this process imposes considerable psychological pressure on trainees.

This study pursues three concrete objectives: (1) to analyze factors contributing to student pilot stress and Washout Anxiety—particularly during the critical transition from ground school to Full Flight Simulator (FFS) training; (2) to design and develop an innovative VR-based training framework supporting Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) mastery and Cockpit Familiarization; and (3) to assess the feasibility of VR integration and formulate strategic recommendations for Thai Airways International PCL.

A qualitative research methodology was employed, utilizing semi-structured in-depth interviews with eight Thai Airways flight instructors and pilots. Findings aligned with the three objectives are as follows. First, the primary drivers of Washout Anxiety were identified as Cognitive Overload resulting from the abrupt theory-to-simulator transition, excessive and diverse training content, limited training hours, and the pressure of high-stakes evaluations. Second, a "Pre-Simulator VR Integration" framework was developed comprising three core modules: a Cockpit Familiarization Module to build procedural muscle memory; a SOPs Mastery Module enabling repeated practice within a Safe-to-Fail Space prior to formal assessment; and a Stress Management Module to build emotional resilience against evaluation anxiety. Third, both expert groups agreed that VR holds significant practical potential for early-stage training; however, it cannot replace the simulator for core competency assessment, and its implementation requires formal certification by relevant authorities, including the Civil Aviation Authority of Thailand (CAAT).

This innovation represents a strategic imperative for Thai Airways—preserving human capital, enhancing pilot competency, and strengthening competitive advantage in the digital aviation era.

Guidelines for Developing General Aviation in Thailand

2026-05-31T15:18:47+07:00

Current Situation: The aviation industry in Thailand is predominantly focused on commercial aviation under Air Operator Certificate (AOC) holders, whereas General Aviation (GA) accounts for a minor share and exhibits slow growth compared to developed nations. This study, titled “Guidelines for Developing General Aviation in Thailand,” aims to examine the current state, challenges, and obstacles to formulate development pathways for Thailand's GA sector.

A qualitative research methodology was employed, comprising:

An analysis of relevant laws and regulations governing General Aviation.
In-depth interviews with 5 experts and regulators from the Civil Aviation Authority of Thailand (CAAT) specializing in the GA development sector.
In-depth interviews with 5 private light aircraft owners and representatives from 5 general aviation associations in Thailand (selected from a total of 49 associations), divided geographically into:

Northern region: 2 associations
Central region: 2 associations
Southern region: 1 association

The findings reveal that General Aviation in Thailand is heavily constrained by stringent regulations that are on par with standard commercial aircraft, as well as high fees for inspections and various licensing certifications. Furthermore, there is a lack of adequate infrastructure and government support. Nevertheless, the study suggests that with policy-driven development—such as promoting and upgrading temporary take-off and landing areas into private airfields, alongside fostering aviation personnel—the potential of Thailand's general aviation industry can be significantly enhanced.