Religion and Thai Identity Formation in the Modern World

Abstract

This academic article presents a new body of knowledge through the development of the “Religion and Thai Identity Retention Model in the Modern World (R-TIM Model).” The model aims to explain the dynamic role of religion—particularly Buddhism—in preserving cultural values, ethics, and Thai identity amidst the rapid transformations of the modern world driven by technology, globalization, and cultural shifts. The R-TIM Model comprises five core components(1) Spiritual Value Base – Religion serves as a mechanism for cultivating essential virtues such as mindfulness, compassion, and sufficiency, which remain influential even in the digital era. (2) Identity Negotiation Mechanism – Religion provides a space for Thai people to negotiate and resist the influence of external ideologies such as consumerism and Western cultural norms, using rituals, beliefs, and adaptable practices. (3) Adaptive Application – Religious principles are applied to modern contexts such as digital media literacy, online mindfulness, and personal economic sufficiency. (4) Cultural Identity Empowerment – Religion acts as a unifying force that reinforces shared cultural identity and continuity amidst social and technological changes. (5) Normative Guidance Role – Religion serves as a cultural foundation for shaping national policies, particularly in education and citizenship, fostering the development of ethically grounded global citizens with a Thai identity. The significance of this model lies in expanding the traditional understanding of religion beyond its moral dimension. It highlights religion’s potential as a flexible and contemporary cultural tool that helps Thai society maintain its identity in a rapidly changing global landscape. The R-TIM Model offers a theoretical framework for policy design, educational reform, and cultural initiatives aimed at sustaining a collective Thai identity in the 21st century.