Integrating the Four Iddhipāda Principles into Civic Education: A Mixed-Methods Learning Management Model for Phrapariyattidhamma Schools in Nong Khai Province, Thailand
Keywords:
Buddhist education, civic education, Iddhipāda principles, learning management model, mixed-methods research, Thailand, Phrapariyattidhamma schoolsAbstract
Background: Buddhist education in Thailand faces challenges integrating traditional spiritual principles with contemporary civic education demands. Phrapariyattidhamma Schools in Nong Khai Province struggle to effectively combine Buddhist moral teachings with modern citizenship education requirements.
Purpose: This study develops and evaluates a learning management model integrating the Four Iddhipāda principles (Chanda, Viriya, Citta, Vīmaṁsā) into civic education for students in Phrapariyattidhamma Schools in Nong Khai Province, Thailand.
Methods: A mixed-methods research and development (R&D) approach was employed across four phases. Phase 1 investigated current challenges through surveys (n=456 students) and interviews (n=12 experts). Phase 2 developed the learning model through qualitative research with expert validation (n=7). Phase 3 tested effectiveness through experimental design with 32 students using pre-post assessments. Phase 4 evaluated outcomes through participatory research with 20 stakeholders.
Results: The NA-OC-ME learning management model significantly enhanced students' civic education outcomes. Post-test scores (M=16.89, SD=1.52) showed substantial improvement over pre-test scores (M=8.23, SD=1.81), t(31)=26.74, p<.001, Cohen's d=5.13. Student satisfaction averaged 4.12/5.0, and stakeholder evaluation rated model effectiveness at 4.28/5.0. The model demonstrated high internal consistency (Cronbach's α=.89) and construct validity.
Conclusions: The integration of Iddhipāda principles effectively enhances civic education in Buddhist educational contexts. The model provides a replicable framework for combining traditional Buddhist teachings with contemporary educational practices, offering significant implications for religious education reform in Thailand and similar cultural contexts.
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