A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM)

Abstract

Over the past decade, Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) has become a staple analytical technique in business and social science research. Scholars and practitioners in fields such as marketing, management, psychology, and education have embraced this approach due to its flexibility, its capacity to handle relatively small sample sizes and non-normal data distributions, and its applicability to exploratory as well as more confirmatory research designs. In A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation, Modeling (PLS-SEM) (Second Edition), Joseph F. Hair Jr., G. Tomas M. Hult, Christian M.Ringle, and Marko Sarstedt present an updated and expanded guide to PLS-SEM, blending methodological depth with practical, step-by-step instruction.