Research Synthesis on Learning and Teaching Methods According to Buddhism Affecting 21st Century Essential Skills Using Meta-Analysis

Abstract

This research article aims to analyze the nature and quantity of thesis research in public and private universities within the country a study on teaching and learning according to Buddhism that affects essential skills in the 21st century and to compare the differences in the size of influence from thesis research in public and private universities within the country to study about teaching and learning according to Buddhism that affects essential skills in the 21st century at the educational level. The sample used in the research was a thesis in public and private universities within the country. That can be searched from the ThaiLis database and 20 essential skills for the 21st century. The tools used in the research were research characteristics record form. And to calculate the effect size of the research, Glass, McGaw, and Smith (1981), and Becker and Hedges (1984)’s formula was used. Statistics used to analyze the data were percentage, mean, standard deviation. And compare the difference in effect sizes using Kruskal-Wallis H Test. The results showed that (1) the basic information of the research with the highest number was the field of curriculum and teaching. Four Noble Truthsused in teaching and learning, lower secondary education used for research, 20 hours of time used in the experiment, Simple Random Sampling, the sample size was 30 people, using a single-group research pattern to measure twice, experimental tools are used as learning plans, use the learning achievement form to collect data, check instrument quality using precision and discrimination power, the basic statistics used are mean and standard deviation, the statistics for the hypothesis experiment were Dependent Samples t test and the significance level was .01. And (2) the comparison of the influence of teaching and learning according to Buddhism that affects essential skills in the 21st century found that the influence of teaching and learning according to Buddhism was statistically significant. at level .01, indicating that teaching and learning management model according to Buddhism is different. The form of teaching and learning according to Buddhism that affected the skills needed in the 21 st century themost was the Four Noble Truths model, followed by the Threefold Training Model.