Decentralization and Democratic Governance: A Comparative Study of Local Government Reforms in Southeast Asia

บทคัดย่อ

This paper explores the relationship between decentralization and democratic governance through a comparative analysis of local government reforms in Southeast Asia. The study examines how decentralization initiatives have been implemented in countries such as Indonesia, the Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam, and Laos, considering historical, political, and institutional contexts. Drawing on empirical studies and policy analyses, it evaluates the effectiveness of decentralization in improving governance outcomes, including transparency, accountability, citizen participation, and public service delivery. The research highlights the diverse impacts of decentralization across different governance systems, noting both positive outcomes—such as enhanced local autonomy and increased civic engagement—and challenges including corruption, inadequate institutional capacity, and uneven resource distribution. Case studies reveal that while some reforms have empowered local governments and communities, others have reinforced central control or created new avenues for elite capture. Special attention is given to the localization of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and how decentralized governance structures contribute to—or hinder—achieving inclusive and sustainable development. The study concludes that for decentralization to foster democratic governance, reforms must be context-sensitive, supported by strong legal frameworks, and coupled with active civil society engagement. The findings offer policy recommendations aimed at strengthening decentralization processes in Southeast Asia and advancing equitable and participatory governance.